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The Japanese cyberpunk subgenre began in 1982 with the debut of Katsuhiro Otomo's manga series Akira, with its 1988 anime film adaptation (also directed by Otomo) later popularizing the subgenre.Įarly films in the genre include Ridley Scott's 1982 film Blade Runner, one of several of Philip K. Other influential cyberpunk writers included Bruce Sterling and Rudy Rucker. Released in 1984, William Gibson's influential debut novel Neuromancer helped solidify cyberpunk as a genre, drawing influence from punk subculture and early hacker culture. Ballard, Philip José Farmer and Harlan Ellison examined the impact of drug culture, technology, and the sexual revolution while avoiding the utopian tendencies of earlier science fiction.Ĭomics exploring cyberpunk themes began appearing as early as Judge Dredd, first published in 1977. Dick, Michael Moorcock, Roger Zelazny, John Brunner, J. G. Much of cyberpunk is rooted in the New Wave science fiction movement of the 1960s and 1970s, when writers like Philip K. However, no further developments have been announced.For other uses, see Cyberpunk (disambiguation).Ĭyberpunk is a subgenre of science fiction in a dystopian futuristic setting that tends to focus on a "combination of lowlife and high tech", featuring futuristic technological and scientific achievements, such as artificial intelligence and cybernetics, juxtaposed with societal collapse or decay. The production staff was said to have consulted with the original anime's staff members, Shinji Aramaki and Kenichi Sonoda, to help maintain consistency with the world of the original. The film was expected to be released in late 2012 with a budget of 30 million. A production agreement was signed at the 2009 Cannes Film Festival.
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In May 2009 it was announced that a live-action movie of "Bubblegum Crisis" was in the early stages of production. In 1998, the series was remade into a 26 episode television series called Bubblegum Crisis Tokyo 2040. The success of the series spawned several sequel series. Nearly all of the music is available, as there are 8 soundtrack releases (one per OVA), as well as numerous "vocal" albums which feature songs "inspired by" the series as well as many drawn directly from it. Animeigo successfully crowd-funded the show for a North American Blu-ray release, on Kickstarter in November 2013. While anime has become much more popular in the intervening years, in 1991 it was still mostly unknown as a storytelling medium in North America.Ī digitally-remastered compilation of the original series' episodes, featuring bi-lingual tracks and production extras, was released on DVD in 2004 by AnimEigo Inc. Due to legal problems between the two studios who jointly held the rights to the series, Artmic and Youmex, the series was discontinued prematurely.īubblegum Crisis is notable also in that it was one of the few early anime series that were brought over from Japan unedited and subtitled with English captions that still have a great deal of popularity today. The OVA series is eight episodes long but was originally slated to run for 13 episodes. Obari would also go on to direct episode 5 and 6. Masami Obari created the mechanical designs. Kenichi Sonoda acted as character designer, and designed the four female leads. However, he met Junji Fujita and the two discussed ideas, and decided to collaborate on what later became Bubblegum Crisis. The series started with Toshimichi Suzuki intention to remake the 1982 film Techno Police 21C. Explaining that "we originally named the series "bubblegum" to reflect a world in crisis, like a chewing-gum bubble thats's about to burst." Suzuki explained in a 1993 Animerica interview the meaning behind the cryptic title. The humanoid robots known as "boomers" in the series also resemble Terminators cyborgs from the Terminator film. The opening sequence of episode 1 is modeled on the opening sequence of Streets of Fire. The setting displays strong influences from the movies Blade Runner and Streets of Fire.
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One of the series' themes is the inability of the department to deal with threats due to political infighting, red tape, and an insufficient budget. The AD Police are tasked to deal with Boomer-related crimes. While Boomers are intended to serve mankind, they become deadly instruments in the hands of ruthless individuals.
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Its main product are boomers - humanoid robots used for manual labor and military purposes. The main antagonist is Genom, a megacorporation with immense power and global influence. During the first episode, disparities in wealth are shown to be more pronounced than in previous periods in post-war Japan. The series begins in the late 2032, seven years after the Second Great Kanto Earthquake has split Tokyo geographically and culturally in two.